The domestic street illuminates the advantages of the new norm

The original standard for evaluation of pedestrian road lighting only uses the average illumination of the road surface. The new standard increases the minimum illumination and vertical illumination of the road. (In theory, the semi-column illumination is more scientific and reasonable than the vertical illumination. However, according to the current acceptance level of users of this standard and with reference to some international standards, it will not be used for the time being). This change is not only in line with international standards such as CIE, the United States, and Japan, but also reflects the new standard fully considering the characteristics of pedestrian traffic and the importance of safety and comfort for pedestrians.

The standard values ​​of motor vehicle traffic road lighting specified in the new standard for motor vehicle traffic road lighting standards are shown in Table 1.

It can be seen from 1 that the standard values ​​are improved compared with the original standard. 2cd m is the highest brightness level currently recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). Even the standards of the United States and Russia have not reached the level of (the highest brightness in the United States is 12 cd m 2 and Russia is 16 cd m 2), and the new standard has been reached.

The intersection standard value of the intersection area refers to the entrance, entrance, intersection and crosswalk of the road. The original standard did not have the lighting standard of the intersection area, which was newly added during the revision. Because in the intersection area, the collision between the motor vehicles, between the non-motor vehicles and pedestrians, and between the vehicle and the fixed object increases, that is, the probability of an accident increases greatly. According to US statistics, about 50% of traffic accidents occur in intersections in urban areas. Although there are no statistics in this area in China, there are reports of accidents at intersections from time to time. In the past, we did not pay enough attention to the lighting of intersections such as intersections and crosswalks. We did not ask for it separately. As a result, the illumination at the intersection was not up to standard, but it was lower than the brightness and illumination of the straight sections, and the crosswalk was not illuminated. The new standard specifies the lighting standard value of the intersection area, see 2.

1 Motor vehicle traffic road lighting standard value level road type road surface brightness illuminance average brightness L av ( cd m 2) total uniformity U o minimum longitudinal uniformity UL minimum average illuminance E av ( lx) maintenance value uniformity UE minimum Value glare limit threshold increment T1 (%) maximum initial value environment ratio SR minimum expressway, trunk road (including welcome road, main road leading to government agencies and large public buildings, road in downtown or commercial center) 1 5 2 0 0 4 0 7 20 30 0 4 10 0 5 times trunk 0 75 1 0 0 4 0 5 10 15 0 35 10 0 5 branch 0 5 0 75 0 4 8 10 0 3 15 Note: 1 The average illuminance listed in the paper applies only to asphalt pavements. If it is cement concrete pavement, its average illuminance value can be reduced by about 30%. According to the average brightness coefficient given in Appendix A of this standard, the same average brightness of the road surface, the average illuminance required for asphalt pavement and cement concrete pavement respectively can be obtained.

When calculating the average brightness of the road surface or maintaining the average illuminance, the maintenance factor should be determined according to Appendix B of this standard according to the type of light source, the degree of protection of the luminaire and the wiping period.

The values ​​in the table are for dry road only.

The table gives two standard values ​​for the average brightness and average illuminance of each level of road. The left side is the low value and the right side is the high value.

2 Intersection area lighting standard value intersection area type road illuminance E av ( lx) , maintenance value illuminance uniformity UE glare limit main road and main road intersection main road and secondary road intersection 30 50 main road and branch road rendezvous secondary road Intersection with the secondary roads 20 30 times of trunk roads and branch roads Intersections of branch roads and branch roads 15 20 0 4 In the azimuth of the driver's viewing of the lamps, the light intensity of the lamps in the 80 and 90 elevation angles shall not exceed 30 cd respectively. 1000lm and 10cd 1000lm Note: The elevation angle of the luminaire is measured in the field installation attitude.

In the table, two standard values ​​are given for the average illuminance of the roads in each type of road intersection. The left side is the low illuminance value and the right side is the high illuminance value.

The original standard of pedestrian road lighting standard stipulates that the average illuminance value of roads and sidewalks mainly for pedestrians and non-motor vehicles is 1 2lx, not only the illuminance value is low, but also not comprehensive and systemic. It is mainly used for the lighting standard value of pedestrian roads in commercial areas and residential areas where pedestrians and non-motor vehicles are mixed (see). It also specifies the method of non-motor vehicle lanes and sidewalk lighting values ​​on one or both sides of motor vehicle traffic roads. standard. See Articles 3 5 2 and 3 5 3 of the new standard.

There are several new innovative standards that are completely revised according to China's national conditions. No matter whether it is CIE standard or other national standards, it does not currently exist, which fully reflects the innovation of the new standard.

Pedestrian road lighting standard value night pedestrian flow area average illuminance E av ( lx) , maintenance value road minimum illumination E min ( lx ) , maintenance value minimum vertical illumination E vmin ( lx ) , maintenance value flow large road commercial area 20 7 5 4 Residential area 10 3 2 Road commercial area in traffic 15 5 3 Residential area 7 5 1 5 Road traffic area 10 3 2 Residential area 5 1 Note: The minimum vertical illumination is 1 5 m from the road center line The minimum illuminance in both directions perpendicular to the plane of the road axis.

The new standard for functional lighting and decorative lighting adds to the design requirements for the setting of non-functional lighting on both sides of the road. Since the 1990s, China's night scenery (decorative) lighting has developed rapidly, and its scale and capital investment are the highest in the world, but it cannot be seen that it has brought great beauty to the city's night scenes, people's lives, and commercial development. One of the negative effects is that due to improper setting of decorative lighting, it interferes with or even destroys urban road (functional) lighting. Some cities even mistakenly try to replace functional lighting with decorative lighting. If this phenomenon is not reversed, it will continue to develop. It may even affect the driver's driving operation, resulting in serious consequences of traffic accidents. To this end, the new standard adds this section in Chapter 5.

There are three sections in this section. The core content of Article 5 31 is that decorative lighting and functional lighting should be combined. Decorative lighting must obey functional lighting. The reason for this is that road lighting is an indispensable lighting. It does not meet the needs of motor vehicle drivers for visual operations without the standard road surface brightness. The role of decorative lighting is to embellish the landscaping environment. It is not indispensable. Therefore, when there is a contradiction between the two, decorative lighting is subject to functional lighting.

The two are designed together, which can effectively coordinate the relationship between the two and avoid the interference of road lighting. If properly handled, the effect of functional lighting can be enhanced.

Article 5 3 2 specifies some measures that should be taken to prevent the lighting color, pattern, shadow, and flicker of decorative lighting from interfering with the driver's vision when setting decorative lighting. Article 5 3 3 stipulates the basic requirements for the installation of advertising lights on both sides of the motor vehicle lane.

Energy-saving standards and measures Building a conservation-oriented society has become an important national policy in China. All walks of life must conscientiously do energy-saving, land-saving, material-saving and water-saving work. The road lighting industry is no exception. Therefore, the development of energy standards for road lighting is an urgent task. Although CIE and other countries have not introduced road lighting energy-saving standards, there are no ready-made provisions that can be cited or referenced. The team members are based on the actual situation in China, starting from the investigation and analysis of design energy consumption and actual energy consumption, and referring to relevant foreign materials. Formulate China's own road lighting energy-saving standards, which is also the main innovation of the new standard.