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Researchers have introduced a groundbreaking lensless camera called DiffuserCam, capable of producing 3D images without the need for scanning. This innovative technology allows scientists to observe live microneuron activity in mice without the use of a traditional microscope.
Laura Waller, head of the computational imaging laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, explained that their imaging method can track large numbers of neuronal activities in freely moving animals. She added that a smaller version of this device could potentially assist blind individuals in perceiving their surroundings more effectively.
The design of DiffuserCam is remarkably compact and cost-effective, as it only requires a diffuser plate placed on top of an image sensor. However, the software needed to reconstruct high-resolution 3D images is quite complex.
DiffuserCam is classified as a light field camera, which captures both the number of pixels and the angles of light hitting the sensor. Historically, such cameras have been expensive and limited in resolution. To address this, Waller explored whether advanced algorithms could replace costly micro-lens arrays with simple plastic surfaces featuring irregular bumps.
Through extensive research, the team developed a sophisticated algorithm and tested various diffuser plates. They discovered that using compression sensing could maintain resolution while improving performance. The plastic diffusers enhanced the capabilities of conventional light field cameras.
Looking ahead, the Waller team plans to use DiffuserCam in the U.S. government's BRAIN initiative, aiming to develop an implantable, biocompatible neural interface for visually impaired patients. Their goal is to create a "cortical modem" that can both "read" and "write" brain signals. In this context, DiffuserCam will serve as a key component of the reading system.
Waller emphasized that observing neuronal conduction in mouse brains could lead to better understanding of sensory perception and potentially help treat diseases like Alzheimer’s and mental disorders.
New imaging techniques, including DiffuserCam, can capture millions of neurons simultaneously. The team hopes this will deepen their understanding of how the brain functions. Waller said, "The most compelling medical application is in vivo imaging of three-dimensional neuronal dynamics in freely moving animals. If neuroscientists want to link animal behavior with neural activity, the animals must be able to move within their environment."