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Laser headlights, often considered the next generation of automotive lighting, share many advantages with LED headlights—such as fast response time, minimal brightness degradation, compact size, low power consumption, and extended lifespan. However, there's a notable restriction in the U.S., where laser headlights are not widely adopted. Why is that? And which technology truly outperforms the other: laser or LED? Are laser headlights just an auxiliary to LED or high-beam systems?
Many people assume that exposure to laser light can cause serious eye damage, especially if it shines directly into the eyes of oncoming drivers. This, however, is a misunderstanding of how laser headlights actually work. In reality, the laser itself is not the direct light source—it acts as an excitation source. The actual illumination comes from a combination of blue laser diodes and yellow phosphor filters, which together produce white light.
Take the BMW i8’s laser headlight system as an example. It consists of four main components: a laser source, a mirror, a yellow phosphor filter, and a reflective bowl. The blue laser diode emits light, which is reflected by a mirror and focused onto the phosphor filter. The filter absorbs the blue light’s energy and emits white light, which is then reflected by the bowl to create a concentrated beam for illumination. Despite the use of a laser, the resulting light is not a true laser beam but rather a form of white light similar to what you’d see from an LED.
Although the principle of laser headlights resembles that of LED headlights, they offer greater brightness at the same power level—about 1.7 times more intense than LEDs—and can be made smaller. But despite these benefits, laser headlights come with their own set of challenges.
One major limitation is the point-source nature of lasers. While they can illuminate far distances, spreading the light over a wide area remains a technological challenge. This is similar to the difficulty faced in using lasers for measuring the distance between Earth and the Moon. Unlike LED lights, which spread light evenly across a surface, lasers tend to focus on a single point, making it hard to achieve even illumination.
Another issue is cost. Laser headlights are currently only available in high-end luxury vehicles, making them inaccessible to most consumers. Additionally, modifying existing headlights to include laser technology is a complex process, requiring the installation of a laser module alongside traditional LED systems. These systems also need smart features to ensure safety, such as automatic shut-off when detecting oncoming traffic or in case of collision.
In summary, laser headlights represent the fourth generation of automotive lighting, offering improvements in both illumination range and heat management compared to LEDs. However, due to their intelligent, point-to-point nature, they are more likely to become part of future smart LED modules rather than a complete replacement. Whether laser or LED is "stronger" depends on the application—each has its own strengths and limitations.