Clarify the radiation standards for self-ballasted fluorescent lamps for general lighting

Recently, the radiation problem of self-ballasted fluorescent lamps (commonly known as "energy-saving lamps") for general lighting has become a hot spot for the public and the lighting industry. China is a big country in the use and export of "energy-saving lamps", China's "energy-saving lamps" Is there any radiation standard for the product? How is the radiation standard of the "energy-saving lamp" product in the world? What is the actual situation of the "energy-saving lamp" radiation?

1. Current status of radiation standards for "energy-saving lamps" at home and abroad

In addition to safety and performance requirements, "energy-saving lamps" products also have electromagnetic compatibility requirements. The standards implemented in China are GB 17743-2007 "Restrictions and Measurement Methods for Radio Disturbance Characteristics of Electrical Lighting and Similar Devices", equivalent to GB 17743-2007. In the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Radio Interference Special Committee CISPR 15:2005+A1:2006, it includes radiated and conducted radio frequency disturbances, which are required for radiated electromagnetic disturbances in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 300 MHz. The energy-saving certification test of “energy-saving lamps” products has been evaluated as one of the standards according to GB 17743-2007.

Internationally, in addition to the implementation of CISPR 15, the "energy-saving lamps" products also include the impact on the human body into the scope of assessment. In 2009, IEC established IEC 62493:2009 "Evaluation of electromagnetic radiation for human body lighting equipment", which is lighting equipment. The measurement of the electromagnetic field in the surrounding space determines the appropriate evaluation method, standardized working conditions and measuring distance. The European Union has added this international standard to the Low Voltage Directive (LVD). Since February 2013, lighting equipment has been exported to Europe and should meet this standard.

The National Lighting Appliance Standardization Technical Committee is formulating the national standard "Evaluation of Electromagnetic Radiation of Human Body by Lighting Equipment", which is equivalent to IEC 62493:2009. It is currently in the stage of preparation for approval. It includes the evaluation of electromagnetic radiation of human body by "energy-saving lamps".

2. IEC 62493: 2009 "Evaluation of the lighting device body for electromagnetic radiation" on the "energy-saving lamps" predetermined measurement distance measurement distance

IEC 62493:2009 "Evaluation of Electromagnetic Emissions from Human Body" specifies different measurement distances for different lighting products. The measurement distance for self-ballasted fluorescent lamps (commonly known as "energy-saving lamps") for general lighting is 30 cm.

The IEC 62493:2009 standard specifies the measuring devices (conductive balls, protection networks, receivers) and their arrangement. The use of “energy-saving lamps” is different from that used with the ear, and the measurement distance cannot be zero. According to this standard, a certain 12W “energy-saving lamp” is measured and evaluated by Jcap/Jlim. Jcap represents the current density generated by the electric field, Jlim represents the basic limit of current density, and the standard Jcap/Jlim limit is required. 0.85. When the measurement distance is 0, Jcap/Jlim=0.9737 (see Figure 1); when the measurement distance is 30cm, Jcap/Jlim=0.0864 (see Figure 2); when the measurement distance is 50cm, Jcap/Jlim=0.0504 (see Figure 3) ). When the measurement distance is 0, Jcap/Jlim=0.9737>0.85, but at 30cm, Jcap/Jlim=0.0864<0.85, according to the measured value at 30cm, the product is qualified, and if the distance is less than 30cm, the measured value is incorrectly determined. Judging, the product became unqualified. It can be seen that the radiation size of the "energy-saving lamp" has a great relationship with the distance. In actual use, the human body is usually not 0 from the lighting device, and generally has a certain distance. This is the reason why the standard 30cm is the test distance, and also the detection. The criteria for institutional science testing and judgment.

Figure 1 Radiation measured at a test distance of 0

Figure 2 Radiation measured at a test distance of 30 cm

Figure 3 Radiation measured at a test distance of 50 cm

3. GB 8702-1988 "Electromagnetic Radiation Protection Regulations" for the applicability analysis of "energy-saving lamps" products

GB 8702-1988 "Electromagnetic Radiation Protection Regulations" was formulated by the National Environmental Protection Agency Standards Office at the time and organized by the Radiation Environmental Management Office of the State Environmental Protection Administration in 1988. When applying this standard to evaluate the environmental radiation level, attention should be paid to the standards. Applicability.

1) GB 8702-1988 does not include the operating frequency of the "energy-saving lamp" lamp current

The "energy-saving lamp" lamp current has an operating frequency range of 30 kHz to 50 kHz. Article 1.3 of GB 8702-88: “The applicable frequency range for the protection limits in this regulation is 100 kHz to 300 GHz”. The applicable frequency range for the protection limits does not include the operating frequency of the "energy-saving lamp" lamp current.

2) “Energy-saving lamp” power belongs to the scope of GB 8702-88 unmanageable radiator

3.1.2 and Table 3 of GB 8702-88: For the frequency range from 0.1MHz to 3MHz, the equivalent radiated power is less than 300W, which can be exempted from management. Energy-saving lamps have no antenna gain and their radiated power will not exceed 300W. Therefore, the "energy-saving lamp" power belongs to the range of the unprotected radiator of GB 8702-88.

3) GB 8702-88 standard is applicable to environmental testing, not applicable to product testing

The GB 8702-88 standard is applicable to the environmental detection of electromagnetic radiation, and the object of detection is the radiant energy of the corresponding frequency in the environment. Since the object of detection is radiation of the relevant frequency in the environment, the contribution to the environmental impact comes from all the radiation bodies that generate electromagnetic radiation in the environment, and it is impossible to distinguish the respective contributions, so the standard is not suitable for the detection of a certain product in the environment. When evaluating the radiation level of an “energy-saving lamp”, the product standard of the product and the relevant applicable standards should be used.

4 Conclusion

China's national standards for "energy-saving lamps" are equivalent to the use of IEC standards, and there are standards for the "energy-saving lamps". Regarding the standards for the evaluation of human body electromagnetic radiation by lighting equipment such as "energy-saving lamps", China's national standards equivalent to the use of IEC-related standards are being actively formulated, and domestic and international standards related to the radiation of "energy-saving lamps" products are clear.