Automotive dashboard lighting system

Electronic systems are in different locations on the automotive power bus, so they often need to operate under very strict power requirements. These include load dumps, cold car starts, very low power consumption and low noise operation at light loads. In addition, the wide operating voltage range, coupled with the requirements of high transient voltage and wide temperature offset, make the design of electronic systems more complicated. To make matters worse, performance requirements continue to increase. Different parts of the system require multiple power supply voltages. The general navigation system may have 6 or more different power sources, such as 8V, 5V, 3.3V, 2.5V, 1.8V and 1.5V. At the same time, as the number of components increases, the available space continues to shrink. Therefore, efficiency becomes more important due to space constraints and temperature requirements. For low output voltages and medium current levels even higher than a few hundred milliamps, the simple use of linear regulators to generate these system voltages is no longer applicable. Therefore, in the past few years, mainly due to temperature performance, switching regulators have been constantly replacing linear regulators. The benefits of the switch include increased efficiency and smaller board area, overcoming its added complexity and EMI issues.

Dashboard lighting

Almost all luxury cars come with audio, video and navigation systems on the dashboard and traditional dashboards. All these systems require some kind of backlighting to make them readable in all light conditions. White LEDs are now commonly used to provide backlighting. In these applications, white LEDs must be powered by a constant current to ensure consistent light intensity and uniform brightness. Figure 1 shows that the LT3466 uses a 12V input power supply to power 50 (25 in each group) white LEDs. This circuit is configured as a voltage tripler to produce an output voltage higher than 90V. This allows a string of 25 LEDs to be connected to each output, resulting in a constant current and uniform brightness.

Figure 1. Using flat surface mount components to power 50 white LEDs from a 12V input. The LT3466 shown in Figure 1 is configured to operate at a 2MHz switching frequency by selecting a 20.5kW resistor, which ensures that the generated switching noise falls in the AM wireless band Outside. The high switching frequency also allows the use of flat inductors and surface mount capacitors. In this application, the LT3466 provides 2.4W output power and 83% efficiency. The LT3466's thermally enhanced 3mm × 3mm DFN package (with exposed pad) enables it to drive up to 50 white LEDs from a 12V input power supply. For best performance, these inductors can be powered directly from the battery, and the LT3466 is driven by an existing 3.3V power rail.

About LT3466

The LT3466 has two independent but identical boost converters that can drive asymmetric LED strings. These two boost converters drive LEDs connected in series with a constant current, thus ensuring uniform brightness without the need for ballast resistors. The device also contains an internal 44V power switch and Schottky diode. The switching current is guaranteed to be higher than 320mA over the entire operating temperature range. The LT3466 provides a 200mV low-voltage high-precision (± 4%) reference voltage to program the LED current.

These two boost converters use current mode topology with excellent voltage and load transient response. The LT3466's internal feedback loop compensation allows the use of small ceramic capacitors at the output. If the LED string connected to the output of any converter fails to open, the built-in overvoltage protection circuit clamps the output to 42V. Each boost converter can use the internal soft-start function during startup.

The switching frequency of the LT3466 can be programmed with a single resistor from RT pin to ground in the range of 200kHz ~ 2MHz. The device's 2.7V ~ 24V input voltage range makes it ideal for a variety of applications. LT3466 has independent shutdown and dimming control for two LED strings. You can turn off the respective current by pulling the voltage of the control pin (CTRL1 or CTRL2) of each LED string below 50mV. The dimming of each LED string is achieved by applying DC voltage to their respective control pins. When both the CTRL1 and CTRL2 pins are pulled below 50mV, the device is turned off.

The LT3466 is a dual output white LED driver that integrates a switch, Schottky diode, and is packaged in a space-saving 3mm × 3mm DFN package. The LT3466's wide operating voltage range and high frequency capability enable it to meet the backlighting needs of automotive dashboards and automotive radio displays. Features such as internal soft-start, LED open-circuit protection, and internal loop compensation reduce the number of external components required, thus reducing the overall cost and size of the white LED driver circuit.

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