What are the advantages of Sino-US artificial intelligence strength?
Thanks to the rise of 16 years and the promotion of 17 years, it can be said that the development and spread of artificial intelligence are driven by China, pushing it to a new peak. Therefore, many people are discussing whether China can stand side by side with the United States at this moment.
I don’t think there is a clear answer to this question. After all, everything is still in development. China and the United States are both striving and competing, and the future remains uncertain. However, Xiao Zhijun has compiled an overview of the development of artificial intelligence in both countries for your reference.
Currently, the situation in the field of artificial intelligence can be described as a comprehensive challenge for China.
**AI Enterprise Development**
As of June 2017, the total number of AI companies worldwide was 2,542, with 1,078 located in the U.S., accounting for 42%, and 592 in China, making up 23%. The remaining 872 were distributed across other countries.
[Image: What are the advantages of Sino-US artificial intelligence strength?]
From the nine hot areas of AI, U.S. investment is stronger than China's. In the foundational layer of processors/chips, the U.S. is far ahead of China. The number of U.S. companies in this area is 2.3 times that of China, and the amount of funding is 23 times higher. China focuses more on the application layer, where it competes with the U.S. in computer vision, natural language processing, intelligent robots, and speech recognition. It can be said that compared to China’s “top-heavy†structure, the U.S. industrial layout is more balanced.
[Image: What are the advantages of Sino-US artificial intelligence strength?]
[Image: What are the advantages of Sino-US artificial intelligence strength?]
**AI Talent Team Comparison**
The competition in AI is mainly about talent. This includes not only AI specialists but also basic research talents. China still lags behind the U.S. in terms of talent competitiveness.
Currently, the U.S. has twice as many AI industry employees as China. It is supported by strong university research levels and a large number of professionals who continue to advance, creating significant pressure on China.
In basic research, the number of talents in the U.S. is 13.8 times that of China. Among the top 20 global AI universities, 16 are in the U.S., while none are in China. There are fewer than 30 Chinese universities with AI research labs, and only a few like Tsinghua University and USTC have international competitiveness.
Another indicator of basic research level is the influence of academic papers. Although China now publishes more AI papers than the U.S., their impact is much lower.
[Image: SCImage Journal Rank (2015)]
**Top Design Comparison**
Globally, the leading countries in AI are the U.S., China, and other Western nations. China and the U.S. have gradually formed a competitive relationship, both elevating AI to a national strategic level.
In May 2016, the White House established the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Committee to coordinate actions and explore policies and laws related to AI.
In October 2016, the Obama administration issued "Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence" and "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan," elevating AI to a national strategic level and setting an ambitious plan for its development.
In December 2016, the White House published a report on AI, automation, and the economy, discussing the impact of AI-driven automation on economic expectations and outlining a broad strategy to maximize benefits and reduce costs.
[Image: What are the advantages of Sino-US artificial intelligence strength?]
In contrast, the Chinese government has increasingly emphasized AI in recent years, introducing various policies to promote its development. Key events include:
- In July 2015, the State Council included AI in the "Internet +" strategy.
- In March 2016, AI was written into the "13th Five-Year Plan."
- In May 2016, the "Three-Year Action Plan for 'Internet +'" was issued.
- In July 2016, AI was highlighted in the "13th Five-Year National Science and Technology Innovation Plan."
- In November 2016, the "13th Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan" proposed cultivating the AI industry.
- In March 2017, the "Science and Technology Innovation 2030 – Major Project" added "Artificial Intelligence 2.0."
- In July 2017, the "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan" was released, setting a detailed roadmap for AI development.
- In December 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Three-Year Action Plan for AI Industry (2018–2020)."
These initiatives show China's determination to develop AI. A joint mechanism involving multiple ministries has been formed, and it is expected that AI will see rapid growth in the next three years.
Although China is still far behind the U.S., it is not impossible to catch up. What matters is leveraging its own strengths for rapid development.
**Where Are Our Strengths?**
First, **institutional advantages**. While the U.S. has a strong market and a relatively weak government, China's centralized system allows for more efficient policy implementation. With continuous national support, China's research level is expected to reach the world's advanced level within the next decade.
Second, **market scale advantage**. China's vast population provides a huge amount of data, which is crucial for AI training. The massive market also drives rapid growth in enterprises. As seen in recent years, being the best in the Chinese market often means being a global leader.
While the future is unpredictable, AI is reshaping the global competitive landscape. We should join this wave and align with national efforts to realize our personal value.
This is the biggest opportunity.
The Description of 3G 4G LTE/5G AntennaÂ2G base station: GSM: 900/1800MHz; CDMA: 800 MHZ;Â3G base station: CDMA2000&WCDMA: 2100MHz; Td-scdma: 1880-1920201 0 0-2025232-2370 MHZ;Â4G base station: TDD-LTE: 2320-2370,2570-2620MHz;ÂThis paper discusses the key technologies in 3G/4G/5G (third generation/fourth generation/fifth generation) communication systems, and then discusses the differences in the antenna technologies adopted by them. After reading and studying a large number of papers on the key technologies of 3G/4G/5G communication system, here I make some analysis and summary of my own. With the rapid development of science and technology, mobile communication technology has undergone profound changes, from 1G to 2G, to 3G, and then to 4G and 5G. On December 4, 2013, the fourth generation of mobile communication 4G technology was officially operated in the Chinese market, which means that China's mobile communication industry has entered the 4G era. At this time, research institutes in various countries and world-renowned enterprises engaged in communication technology research have entered the research and development of the new generation of mobile communications, namely 5G (fifth generation mobile communication system). No matter which generation of communication system, the research technology is to analyze the characteristics of wireless communication channel to overcome the noise interference. A lot of researchers are now looking at Massive MIMO technology. How is it different from the antenna technology used in 3G/4G communication systems? Will it become the core technology of the next generation of wireless communications? 1 Key technologies of 3G/4G/5G Communication System 1.1 Key technologies of 3G Communication System Since the early 1990s, the mobile communication industry began to actively study the standards and technologies of the third generation of mobile communication. In January 2009, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued 3G licenses to China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom, indicating that China entered the ERA of 3G mobile communications. The third generation mobile communication system mainly includes WCDMA, CD-MA2000 and TD-SCDMA. Its key technologies include: A. Rake receiving technology; B. Channel coding and decoding technology; C. Power control technology; D. Multi-user detection technology; E. Smart antenna; F. Software radio. 1.2 Key technologies of 4G Communication System In December 2013, China officially entered the era of 4G (fourth generation mobile communication system) communication network. In 4G mobile communication system, OFDM(Orthogonal frequency Division multiplexing) technology is adopted. OFDM technology is due to its spectrum utilizationÂ3G antenna ,5G antenna ,14 years antenna manufacturerÂ14 years focus on antenna research and development, production, sales, 30,000 strength of the factory, 600 people production capacity, the main sucker antenna, glass fiber reinforced plastic antenna view details & GT;ÂIt is widely regarded as high rate of 2 and good anti-multipath fading performance. In the future, RESEARCH related to OFDM technology will also be carried out in 5G communication networks. The main key technologies of 4G communication system include: a. OFDM technology; B. MIMO technology; C. Multi-user detection technology; D. Software radio; E. Smart antenna technology; F. IPv6 technology. China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has just issued 4G licenses to the three major operators, and they are still deploying their networks on a large scale with a small number of users. At this time, China Mobile said it will start the RESEARCH and development of 5G communication system. Analysts pointed out that the three major operators are participating in THE RESEARCH and development of 5G, one is to keep up with the changes of The Times, and the other is that the demand is faster than the technology development. Li Zhengmao, vice-president of China Mobile, said at the 2014 MWC in Barcelona: "China Mobile will fully support the development of 5G projects, hoping to lead the industry in THE development of 5G technology and the setting of technical standards." With the deepening of mobile communication technology research, the key support technologies of 5G will be gradually defined and enter the substantive standardization research and formulation stage in the next few years. The jury is still out on what core technologies will be used in the future. However, I have compiled a list of nine key technologies that have been the focus of discussion in various high-end mobile forums. A. Large-scale MIMO technology; B. Filter bank based multi-carrier technology; C. Full duplex technology; D. Ultra-dense heterogeneous network technology; E. Self-organizing network technology; F. Use of high frequency band; G. Software-defined wireless networks; H. Wireless access technology: (1) BDMA (Beam Split multiple Access technology)5G antenna high-gain antenna [strength team customized on demand]ÂYunwei Technology professional provide 5G antenna array antenna microstrip antenna fiberglass antenna Bluetooth antenna uWB antenna car view details & GT;Â3 (2) NOMA (Non-orthogonal multiple Access technology) i. D2D (device-to-device) communication. Figure 1 is the layout of Massive MIMO antennas in 5G communication networks. I am studying Massive MIMO technology in my lab. Figure 1 shows users communicating with each other centered on a large-scale antenna. The performance of wireless communication systems is mainly restricted by mobile wireless channels. Wireless channel is very complex, and its modeling has always been a difficult point in system design. Generally, statistics are made according to the measured values of communication systems in specific frequency bands. Wireless fading channel is divided into large scale fading channel model and small scale fading channel model. The so-called large-scale fading model describes the field intensity variation over a long distance (hundreds or thousands of meters) between the transmitter and receiver, and reflects the rule that the received signal power changes with the distance caused by path loss and shadow effect. A small scale fading model describes the rapid fluctuations of the received field intensity over a short distance or time. The large scale fading channel model is caused by the influence of the surface contour (such as mountains, forests, buildings, etc.) between the receiver and the source. The small-scale fading channel model is caused by the multipath effect and doppler effect. If there are a large number of reflected paths but no LOS (direct signal) signal component, the small-scale fading is called Rayleigh fading, and the envelope of the received signal is described statistically by the Rayleigh probability density function. If LOS is present, the envelope is subject to Rician distribution. Multipath effect phenomena cause flat fading and frequency selective fading.ÂÂ
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