Vehicle radar technology is rapidly advancing. Whether it's blind spot detection today or the ongoing development of autonomous driving systems, high performance, reliability, compact size, and cost-effectiveness are key factors that work together to drive continuous innovation in this field. However, without proper incentives and motivation, progress could be hindered.
As a critical component of driver assistance systems, vehicle radar not only enhances the driving experience by reducing stress but also lays the foundation for safer road environments. From the initial design of automotive radars through optimization, mass production, installation, and debugging, various testing and measurement techniques are employed. This article focuses on certain design aspects of vehicle radar from the perspective of radio frequency (RF) measurement technology.
**Linearity of Radar Waveform**
Like other radar technologies, vehicle radar detects objects by receiving reflected signals and analyzing correlations between the transmitted and received signals in time, frequency, and phase. One of the core technologies in automotive radar is waveform design. The linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW), commonly known as FMCW, is widely used. The stability and linearity of the transmitted signal directly impact the radar’s ability to accurately detect targets.
Since most vehicle radars operate in the millimeter-wave band, the inherent nonlinear characteristics of materials and components can affect the final transmitted and received signals, potentially interfering with signal analysis algorithms.
The radar uses the frequency and phase differences between the transmitted and received signals to determine the speed and position of multiple targets. If the linearity of the system, especially the transmitter, is not ideal, these differences may become ambiguous, leading to incorrect target identification—something that must be avoided in future autonomous driving systems.
To minimize errors, the linearity of the transmitted signal must be maximized, and its stability must be ensured through precise measurements. High-end instruments are typically used for such measurements to reduce error rates. Modern instruments can analyze signals with bandwidths exceeding 1 GHz, ensuring comprehensive radar signal evaluation.
**Antenna Design**
In automotive radar applications, either transmit or receive antennas often use phased arrays. Depending on the overall design, linear or planar arrays can be utilized. While basic parameters like main lobe direction, width, side lobe suppression, and null positions can be calculated mathematically, these calculations are only valid when mutual coupling between array elements is negligible. Increasing the spacing between elements helps achieve this, but it also increases the product size.
When theoretical calculation is insufficient, measurement becomes essential in the optimization process. Computer software is then used to support large-scale data processing. The optimization of antenna arrays typically involves several steps:
- Radiation pattern design of the array unit
- Evaluation of mutual coupling between array elements
- Radiation pattern design of the entire antenna array
- Feed system design for the array
- Integration of the radar transceiver system
- Consideration of bumper impact during vehicle installation
Moreover, the overall radar system design must also account for safety and convenience. These factors directly or indirectly influence antenna design, reflecting a holistic approach to engineering.
In the design of array base units, especially in evaluating mutual coupling between elements, accurate and fast measurement is crucial. Multi-turn vector network analyzers are essential to meet these requirements.
Considering safety and convenience, the radiation field stability of a batch of vehicle radars is vital. To achieve this, measurement equipment must provide consistent and repeatable results, which is one of the challenges in radar measurement technology.
Generally, antenna radiation patterns are measured in the far field. The concept of far field is relative and depends on the antenna size and operating frequency. Specifically, the far field distance is proportional to the square of the largest dimension of the antenna and inversely proportional to the operating wavelength.
For example, if a vehicle radar has a maximum size of 7.5 cm and operates at 24 GHz, the far field is approximately 0.9 meters away. At 77 GHz, the far field expands to about 3 meters. In typical mass production settings, achieving such distances is nearly impossible.
**Noise Level of the 77GHz Automotive Radar Spectrum**
UL Metal Case AC100-277V Led Driver
Our Constant Current LED Lighting Power Supply range offers currents from 100mA to 2000mA; while the Constant Voltage LED Lighting Power Supply range starts at 12V going through to 48V.
Both types of LED lighting power supply offer high efficiencies, PFC, are available with Class P Input; IP ratings against dust and moisture from IP20 through to IP67 and protection for short circuit, over voltage, overload and over temperature conditions. 36V led driver 60W led driver 40W led driver. With additional options such adjustable outputs and PWM, 1-10V, Resistive or triac dimming functions.
Only Iron or Aluminum Casing,specially for Canada market for 347V, pass the CUL,FCC certification. used it for led panel light and troffer light.Industrial electricity can pay attention to waterproof and not waterproof, the product quality requirements are very, at least 5 years warranty.We have skilled engineers to answer all your questions and enquiries and provide all-round solutions basis on your project(s) and provide technical supporting.
Parameter:
Input voltage: 100-277V
output voltage: 25-40vdc
current: 100mA-1100mA.
Power factor: >0.9
Dimming:0-10V / PWM / RX / DALI.
>=50000hours, 5 years warranty.
certificate: UL CE FCC TUV SAA ect.
What's the benefits of Fahold driver?
-
Standard Linear Lighting
-
Cost-effective light power solution for industry,commercial and other applications
-
Good quality of light power with high Efficiency output to meet different requirements
-
Easy to order and install,requiring less time,reducing packaging waste and complexity
-
Flexible solution
FAQ:
Question 1:Are you a factory or a trading company?
Answer: We are a factory.
Question 2: Payment term?
Answer: 30% TT deposit + 70% TT before shipment,50% TT deposit + 50% LC balance, Flexible payment
can be negotiated.
Question 3: What's the main business of Fahold?
Answer: Fahold focused on LED controllers and dimmers from 2010. We have 28 engineers who dedicated themselves to researching and developing LED controlling and dimming system.
Question 4: What Fahold will do if we have problems after receiving your products?
Answer: Our products have been strictly inspected before shipping. Once you receive the products you are not satisfied, please feel free to contact us in time, we will do our best to solve any of your problems with our good after-sale service.
36V Led Driver,60W Led Driver,40W Led Driver,Panel mounted led driver,junction box driver
ShenZhen Fahold Electronic Limited , https://www.leddriversupply.com