Technology Model of Energy Internet_Development Trend of Energy Internet

**Overview of the Energy Internet** From now until the middle of this century, it is a critical period for building a global energy internet. The development of a global energy internet can be divided into three stages: domestic interconnection, intracontinental interconnection, and intercontinental interconnection. By 2020, the focus will be on accelerating the development of clean energy and the interconnection of domestic power grids. By 2030, the emphasis will shift to promoting large-scale clean energy bases across continents and cross-border power grid interconnections. By 2050, the goal will be to develop “one pole together” (Arctic and Equator) as energy hubs and promote continental-level interconnection, essentially establishing the global energy internet. The European Union, the United States, and China have all set ambitious targets for renewable energy. The EU aims for 100% renewable energy by 2050, the U.S. targets 80%, and China plans for 60%-70%. To ensure the healthy and orderly development of China’s energy internet, the approach will be implemented in two phases. From 2016 to 2018, pilot demonstrations will be conducted to test and refine the model. From 2019 to 2025, the focus will be on diversification and large-scale development of the energy internet. The progress of the global energy internet largely depends on advancements in clean power generation, ultra-high voltage (UHV), smart grid technologies, advanced energy storage, power grid control, big data analytics, and integrated energy services. These innovations are shaping the future of energy systems worldwide. --- **Energy Internet Technology Models** **1. Smart Grids as the Main Technology Model** A smart grid is a new generation of intelligent technology that integrates the concept of the Internet, aiming for "green and efficient" operation with bidirectional interaction and flatness as key features. It is supported by modern information and energy storage technologies. Smart grids can be defined narrowly or broadly. A narrow definition refers to low-carbon green microgrids based on distributed energy sources, which can operate independently or connect to larger grids. A broad definition includes regional and national low-carbon grids with both centralized and decentralized components. Smart grids play a central role in the energy transition, as they enable more sustainable and efficient energy use. Jeremy Rifkin’s “energy sharing network” from *The Third Industrial Revolution* aligns closely with the concept of a smart grid. The relationship between the energy internet and smart grids is one of connotation and extension—while the energy internet outlines the broader vision, the smart grid provides the technical implementation. In China, most research on the energy internet currently falls under the category of smart grid development, including distributed energy integration, microgrid control, demand response, electric vehicle infrastructure, and smart home systems. These efforts aim to make the grid greener, more flexible, and more intelligent. However, there is an interesting observation: in Europe and the U.S., the term “energy internet” is rarely used, and much of what is discussed in China is already part of their smart grid initiatives. In the U.S., for example, Emory Lovins’ book *Reinventing Energy* highlights the importance of smart grids in achieving 80% renewable energy by 2050, but does not mention the term “energy internet.” China has shown strong enthusiasm for smart grids, but this has recently shifted toward the broader concept of the energy internet. This shift reflects a growing recognition that smart grid development alone may not fully address the challenges of energy greening and democratization. The original vision of smart grids was to transform traditional power systems into green and democratic networks, but in practice, many projects have focused on upgrading existing infrastructure rather than reimagining the system. Another factor contributing to this shift is the influence of UHV (Ultra High Voltage) transmission. Many smart grid projects in China have been centered around UHV, which may have diverted attention from the broader goals of energy decentralization and sustainability. --- **2. The Second Technology Model: “Internet +” Expression** While smart grids are the main model, the energy internet also includes a second technology model: the smart energy network. This model integrates various energy systems—such as electricity, gas, heat, and cold—into a coordinated network using modern information and control technologies. It enables efficient multi-energy supply, mutual support, and user-centric energy delivery, maximizing energy utilization and clean energy consumption. The difference between smart grids and smart energy networks lies in their focus. Smart grids emphasize the transformation of the power system, while smart energy networks focus on the integration of multiple energy forms and their synergistic use. As renewable energy becomes more prevalent, these two models are expected to evolve into a unified, integrated energy supply system. In the era of “Internet +,” these models can be expressed as “Green Grid + Internet” and “Energy Grid + Internet.” This expression clarifies the objectives and avoids confusion. The term “Internet” here refers specifically to digital connectivity, not just any online platform. The addition of “Internet” to each model emphasizes the need for technological integration and careful planning. It's important to note that “+ Internet” is used instead of “Internet +” to prevent misunderstanding. If “Internet +” were used, it might imply that the information network is the dominant force, which could lead to misdirection in energy internet development. --- **Development Trends of the Energy Internet** **1. Accelerated Growth of Clean Energy Generation** The expansion of clean energy generation is expected to continue rapidly. Solar, wind, and biomass energy are gaining momentum, with increasing deployment of distributed energy systems. This shift is transforming the traditional energy landscape and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. **2. Expansion of the Energy Storage Market** Energy storage systems are becoming a crucial node in the energy internet. With the rise of distributed energy and microgrids, energy storage will play a vital role in balancing supply and demand. According to CNESA, China’s energy storage market is expected to reach 66.8 GW by 2020. **3. Enhanced Smart Grid Capabilities** Smart grids will improve the efficiency of power resource allocation and support the global energy internet. UHV and smart grid technologies are essential for connecting remote clean energy sources to load centers. Smart grids offer advantages such as supporting large-scale renewable energy, adapting to diverse needs, and improving grid reliability. **4. Big Data Analysis in the Energy Sector** Big data plays a central role in the energy internet. Although its application is still limited, the potential for data-driven decision-making is immense. Companies are working to build comprehensive energy big data platforms that can unlock value and improve operational efficiency. **5. Integration of Energy and Other Industries** The energy internet is driving the convergence of energy with other sectors. With the growth of distributed energy and energy storage, more companies are entering the power grid, leading to a shift from single energy suppliers to integrated service providers. The transportation sector is also evolving, with electric vehicles playing a major role. **6. Transition from Electricity Sales to Integrated Energy Services** Integrated energy services are emerging as a new business model. These services combine energy, heat, gas, and water, offering a holistic approach to energy management. Traditional energy companies are moving toward this model, and high-tech firms are also exploring energy-related opportunities. **7. Increasing International Power Trade** Cross-border power trade is growing faster than fossil fuel trade. As the world moves toward cleaner energy, power trade is expected to become the mainstay of global energy commerce. This trend reflects the growing importance of interconnected energy systems in a globalized world.

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